in. to the foot.

This provides for drainage and permits the cow to stand with front and hind feet on the same level. is principally that the alleyways through-out the barn are all on a level. There are no inclines to overcome. We consider that both constructions are practical and these constructions represent the two most popular types of mangers now being built. Wooden forms, or templets, are furnished for forming either manger illustrated. The manger should be 28 in. to 30 in. wide and should have a proper slope to drain. This width is needed so that the feed will not be scattered and wasted. When the cow eats, she takes a mouthful and extends her nose straight out in front. The distance from the stanchion to the end of the nose is from two to two and one-half feet. Therefore, a manger wide enough to catch the scattered feed is necessary. The sloping concrete manger keeps the feed within reach at all times.

The surface of the cow bed should be brushed with a broom before drying, in order to give the animals a safe footing. The level of the cow bed should be 3 in. above the level of the litter alley. Manger The manger is constructed next. There are two types of mangers, as shown by the illustrations on this page. Each type has its advantages. The manger at the right is brought up to the level of the feed alley—where there is plenty of room between the feed alley and the ceiling. A manger of this type is often desirable for the reason that it is convenient to push the fodder back into the manger. The manger shown at the left of the page is brought up higher than the feed alley. The advantage of this construction